Malkoto Kale at Voden

Malkoto Kale near Voden has an approximately square plan and a compact defended area. Investigations began in 2008 and have gradually refined its building sequence. Earlier interpretation proposed a late antique origin, while more recent results emphasise an eleventh- and twelfth-century residential complex. Decorative features, fine pottery and wall-painting fragments support an association with the Byzantine elite. Examination of a room with a religious function adds evidence for life within the walls. The site shows how archaeological narratives change as further material becomes available. Neither the exact circumstances of destruction nor the identities of every resident can be established simply from the richness of the finds.